Attribute
The attribute is a secondary part of the sentence that qualifies a noun, a pronoun, or any other part of speech that has a nominal character. An attribute can be either in pre-position or in post-position to the word it modifies. What did she do with herself... in that little hole? (Galsworthy) Under a tree opposite Knightsbridge Barracks... he took out once more the morocco, case. (Galsworthy) As a result of the loss of inflexions, the attribute in English, as distinct from Russian, does not agree with the word it modifies in number, case, or gender. It may be expressed [...]
Complex Object
The direct and the prepositional indirect object may be simple and complex. The complex object consists of two components, of which the second stands in predicate relation to the first. The two components form an indivisible unit and consequently must be regarded as one part of the sentence. The complex object can be non-prepositional and prepositional. I observed Agnes turn pale. (Dickens) Thus these two waited with impatience for the three years to be over. (Buck) The first component of the complex object is a noun in the common case or in the possessive case, a personal pronoun in the [...]
Cognate Object
There is a special kind of object in English that has the following peculiarities. It is used with intransitive verbs though it has no It is expressed by a noun that is either of the same root as the verb or is similar to it in meaning. It is almost regularly attended by an attribute with which it forms a combination that is close in meaning to an adverbial modifier: to live a happy life - to live happily. The cognate object is generally used in such combinations as: to smile a sad smile, to laugh a bitter laugh, to [...]
Indirect Object
The indirect object denotes a living being to whom the action of the verb is directed. There are also cases when it denotes a thing. There are two types of indirect object: The indirect object, which expresses the addressee of the action. The indirect object, which does not always express the addressee of the action. 1. The indirect object, which expresses the addressee of the action The indirect object of the first type, which expresses the addressee of the action. It is used with transitive verbs which take a direct object, so it hardly ever stands alone. She [...]
Direct Object
The direct object is used after transitive verbs with which it is closely connected as it denotes a person or thing directly affected by the action of the verb. It is used without any preposition. Again I moved my head negatively. (Braddon) Thus, if a transitive verb takes only one object expressed by a noun or pronoun without a preposition, it is always a direct object. I help my brother in his work.
Ways of expressing The Object
The object is expressed by the following parts of speech: #1. A noun in the common case. We ought to give him a present, too. (Mansfield) #2. A pronoun (personal in the objective case, possessive, defining, reflexive, demonstrative, indefinite). Cokane. Our little discussion has given me quite an appetite. Trench. It has taken mine away. (Shaw) “I must do my best for her,” thought Jolyon. (Galsworthy) You ought to know all about statues and things. (Galsworthy) What will you do with yourself? (Galsworthy) “Who gave you that?” he asked. (Bennett) ...she’s alone in the world, and she must have someone [...]
Object
The object is a secondary part of the sentence that completes or restricts the meaning of a verb or sometimes an adjective, a word denoting state, or a noun. Haviland closed the door. (Wilson) I was very proud of it. (Braddon) He had never liked Soames. He now held him responsible for Bosinney’s death. (Galsworthy) “You are afraid of dying,” said Bing. (Heym) There are three kinds of objects in English: the direct object, the indirect object, and the cognate object.
Predicative
The predicative is the significant part of the compound nominal predicate. It can be expressed in different ways: #1. By a noun in the common case, occasionally by a noun in the possessive case She is a pretty child. (Galsworthy) The book is my sister’s. #2. By an adjective. He’s awfully dear and unselfish. (Galsworthy) Very often the predicative expressed by an adjective in English does not correspond to an adjective in Russian. It often corresponds to an adverb, serving as an adverbial modifier. In this connection particular attention should be paid to the following verbs as they are very [...]
Agreement Of The Predicate With The Subject
In the English language, the predicate agrees with the subject in person and number. The agreement implies that the use of one form necessitates the use of the other, for example, a singular subject requires a predicate in the singular, and a plural subject requires a predicate in the plural. The house was alive with soft, quick steps and running voices. (Mansfield) This evening there was no bright sunset; west and east were one cloud... (Ch. Bronte) But in Modern English there is often a conflict between form and meaning; in these cases the predicate does not agree with [...]
Mixed Predicates
Besides the compound nominal predicate, the compound verbal modal predicate, and the compound verbal aspect predicate, there is a type of predicate in which we have elements of two types of predicates. Such predicates contain three components. Thus we have: #1. The compound modal nominal predicate. The nephew was to be the means of introduction. (Da Maurier) He greatly longed to be the next heir himself. (De la Roche) Don’t think I mean to be unkind. (Du Maurier) #2. The compound aspect nominal predicate. The grey house had ceased to be a house for family life. (Buck) It was [...]