Names of languages when they are not followed by the noun language are used without articles:

She knows English.

Note the peculiar use of the definite article in:

It is a translation from the English (the Frenchetc.),

What is the English (the French etc.) for ‘la ilaha illallah’?

The definite article is used if the noun is modified by a particularizing attribute:

The English of America differs from the English of England.

When the noun language is mentioned,the definite article is used:

the English language,

the German language.